Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology

EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA ON POTASSIUM DICHROMATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN MICE

2025-08-24T09:30:21Z

EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA ON POTASSIUM DICHROMATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN MICE PAUL, SONTUSH RANJAN The present study was performed to observe the effect of spirulina in potassium dichromate induced toxicities in mice. Twenty five healthy mice were randomly divided into five equal groups recognized as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 .Group T0was kept as a control group whereas T1was only treated with Potassium dichromate 40mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T2 was treated with Potassium dichromate 40mg and spirulina 70mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T3 was treated with Potassium dichromate 40mg and spirulina 140mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T4 was treated with Potassium dichromate 40mg and spirulina 280 mg per 100ml drinking water. Mice of group T0 (only Potassium dichromate) showed sudden onset of depression, restlessness, anorexia. The body weight gain was minimum (36.38%) not gain in mice of only Potassium dichromate treated T1 group in comparison to control group (T0). On the other hand, other treated group i.e Potassium dichromate plus spirulina treated groups T2, T3, and T4 the not gained body weight was 27.58%, 18.25% and 7.79% respectively, which was higher than only Potassium dichromate T1 group. Reduction of TEC, Hb and PCV values were significant (P˂0.01) in T1 (Potassium dichromate treated) groups. However, in potassium dichromate plus spirulina treated rest group’s reduction of TEC, Hb, and PCV were less than Potassium dichromate treated group. From the study, it can be concluded that Potassium dichromate is harmful to the body showing some toxic signs and also alterations some hematological parameters, where as Spirulina was found to be an effective in reduction of body burden of potassium dichromate.

EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA ON COPPER SULPHATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN MICE

2025-08-24T09:22:34Z

EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA ON COPPER SULPHATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN MICE SARKER, SUJAN CHANDRA The present study was performed for finding the effect of spirulina in Copper Sulphate induced toxicities in mice. Twenty five healthy mice were randomly divided into five equal groups recognized as TO, T1, T2, T3 and T4 .Group T0 was kept as a control group whereas T1 was only treated with Copper Sulphate @ 20mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T2 was treated with Copper Sulphate @ 20 mg and Spirulina @ 70mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T3 was treated with Copper Sulphate @ 20 mg and Spirulina @ 140mg per 100ml drinking water. Group T4 was treated with copper Sulphate@ 20 mg and Spirulina @ 280 mg per 100ml drinking water. Mice of group To (only Copper Sulphate) showed sudden onset of depression, restlessness, anorexia. The body weight gain was minimum (54.43%) in mice of only Copper sulphate treated T1 group in comparison to control group (T0). On the other hand, other treated group i.e. Copper Sulphate plus spirulina treated groups T2, T3, and T4 the gaining body weight was 35.29%, 33.83% and 8.82% respectively, which was higher than only Copper Sulphate group T1. Reduction of TEC, Hb and PCV values were significant (P<0.01) in T1 (Copper Sulphate treated) groups. However, in copper plus spirulina treated rest group’s reduction of TEC, Hb, and PCV were less than Copper Sulphate treated group. From the study, it can be concluded that the treatment with spirulina was effective in Copper Sulphate induced toxicities and to restore altered values of Hematological Parameters.

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NITROXYNIL AND GARLIC AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODIASIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS

2025-03-06T03:54:56Z

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF NITROXYNIL AND GARLIC AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODIASIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS DASH, KARTIK CHANDRA The research was conducted at Government Goat Development Farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh from October 2012 to November 2012 to observe the comparative efficacy of nitroxynil (Nitronex ® ) and garlic against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats. The 30 infested goats (Black Bengal, Capra hircus) were randomly selected from 52 goats and divided into 3 equal groups (A, B and C), each group consisting of 10 goats. Group C served as the untreated control, whereas groups A and B were treated with nitroxynil (Nitronex ® ) and garlic respectively. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through determination of parasitic prevalence, body weight gain and haematological findings. Faecal and blood samples were collected before treatment on day 0 and on post-treatment day 7, 14, 21 and 28 of study. Pre and post-treatment eggs per gram (EPG) values were recorded and efficacies compared. The results showed that the efficacy of nitroxynil (Nitronex ® ) was 92.57% and garlic 44.01%. Coprocultures from all pre treatment samples showed a predominance of Haemonchus (17.30%) and this was followed by mixed infestation (13.46%), Strongyloides (9.61%), Oesophagostomum (7.70%), Trichuris (5.77%) and Trichostrongylus (3.85%) also present. The body weight of the treated goats were significantly increased (p<0.01). Of the haematological parameters TEC, Hb and PCV values were lower on day 0 but turned to increase (p<0.05 and p<0.01) on day 28 of the study. On the other hand, ESR and TLC were higher before treatment (day 0) but decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) on day 28. Finally, the results obtained in this study clearly showed that 10% aqueous solution of garlic (bulb) exerted a moderate anti-nematodial effect. It is also clear that the active ingredient of this plant is soluble in water. Further, pharmacological, chemical and chronic toxicological studies are still needed to evaluate the exact mechanism of action and safety of this plant extract. However, the present study encourages further need for research in to this cheap indigenous anthelmintic medicinal plant against the gastrointestinal nematodial infestation in goats.

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF BACTERIA FROM QUAIL FAECAL SAMPLES IN SYLHET SADAR

2025-02-20T10:19:26Z

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF BACTERIA FROM QUAIL FAECAL SAMPLES IN SYLHET SADAR AL-AMIN, MD. ABDULLAH The study was conducted to isolate and identify different bacteria from Quail in Sylhet Sadar. The study sample was faeces of Quail and was collected from Sarkar Quail and Poultry Hatchery, Kashem Quail and Breeder Hatchery and Shibganj Bazar, Sylhet. The samples were brought to the laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet for isolation, identification and antibiogram study. About 90 samples were examined of which 30 samples from Sarkar Quail and Poultry Hatchery, 30 samples from Kashem Quail and Breeder Hatchery and 30 samples from Shibganj Bazar, Sylhet. Out of 30 samples from Sarkar Quail and Poultry Hatchery 23 samples were positive for Escherichia coli, 20 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 05 samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp. Out of 30 samples from Kashem Quail and Breeder Hatchery 25 samples were positive for Escherichia coli, 23 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 06 samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp. Out of 30 samples from Shibganj Bazar 26 samples were positive for Escherichia coli, 22 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 07 samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp. The percentage of positive samples from Sarkar Quail and Poultry Hatchery for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were 76.67%, 66.67% and 16.67% respectively. The percentage of positive samples from Kashem Quail and Breeder Hatchery for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were 83.33%, 76.67% and 20.00% respectively. The percentage of positive samples from Shibganj Bazar for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were 86.67%, 73.33% and 23.33% respectively. Antibiogram profiles indicate that E. coli isolated from apparently healthy quails were sensitive to Colistin sulphate, Neomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and totally resistant to Cloxacillin and Amoxacillin. Salmonella spp. were 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Colistin sulphate and 100% resistant to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and cloxacillin. Pseudomonas spp. were fully sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Colistin sulphate and totally resistant to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Cloxacillin.