http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/37 2026-04-24T15:14:24Z 2026-04-24T15:14:24Z Hasan, Md. Nazmul http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/409 2025-04-15T06:00:48Z 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

Study on Comparison of Production Performance and Economics of Different Carp Polyculture Systems in Gangni Upazila of Meherpur District Hasan, Md. Nazmul The study was conducted to evaluate the comparison of production performance and economics of different carp polyculture system in Gangni upazila under Meherpur district from July to November 2015. PRA tools such as questionnaire based interview, cross check interview were used as primary data and also secondary information were used to assess the performances in aquaculture activities. Forty pond fish farmers were purposively selected, among which 7 (18.0%), 17 (42.0%), 3 (8.0%), 7 (18.0%) and 6 (15.0%) farmers were engaged with carp-mola, carp-tilapia, carp-koi, carp-shing polyculture and carp fattening, respectively. The highest age were 32.0% and between 41 to 50 years and lowest 7.0% were 15-20 years. Majority of the farmers (97%) were Muslims. Only 28.0% fish farmer took the aquaculture as their primary occupation. On the other hand, 57.0% farmers were involved in agriculture, 8% business, 3.0% service holder and 5.0% were students. About 67.0% of fish farmers lived in nuclear families and only 33.0% lived in joint family. Majority (35%) of the respondents had semi -paka house, 32.0% had paka, 28.0% had tin-shed house and only 5.0% had kacha house. About 5.0% had no education (illiterate), 18.0% can only sign, 33.0% had primary level, 22.0% had S.S.C. level, 18.0% had H.S.C. level and 5.0% had bachelor level of education. Most of them (33.0%) had agricultural land 51-100 decimal. While 20.0% had 151-200 decimal, 17.0% had 101-150 decimal, 17.0% had 1-50 decimal, 13.0% had up to 200 decimal and no farmer found without agricultural land. Only 23% were Small ponds (5-15 decimal), about 35% were medium pond (16-25 decimal) and 40% farmers had large pond up to 25 decimal. About 65.0%, 23.0% and 12.0% farmers were having single, multiple and taken lease from others, respectively. Fish farming was the primary income source for 60% and secondary for 40% farm owners. The minimum water depths of 23% ponds were within 0.5-1.0 m, 53% ponds were within 1.00-1.5 m, 17% ponds were within 1.62.0 m and 7% ponds were up to 2.0 m respectively. Most of the farmers used fertilizer in their fish ponds during pond preparation. Used lime at a dose of 1 kg/decimal, Urea 200g/decimal and TSP 100g/decimal. From the survey it was found that 14 (35.0)% of the farmers applied supplementary/homemade feed prepared with ricebran and mustard oil cake, 17 (43.0%) farmers used commercial feed and 9(22.0%) farmers were depended on natural feed. Average fish production of the farmers was 6274 kg/ha/yr. The highest average fish production was 7904 kg/ha/yr which net income was BDT 2,42,060 ha/yr come from carp-tilapia polyculture system and lowest average fish production was 5187 kg/ha/yr and net income was BDT 1,66,478 came from carp - koi polyculture system. Annual income of fish farmer were varied from 61,000 to 150,000 form ha/yr BDT. It was observed that the highest 48.0% fish farmers earned BDT 120,000-150,000 per year, which was higher than the national average income BDT 99,864. From the present study it was found that out of five culture systems. The average production of carp tilapia polyculture was higher and financial benefit came from the same technology So it reveals that carp tilapia polyculture was better than other polyculture system.

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z HIMU, SANGITA DAS http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/408 2025-04-15T05:47:46Z 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

GENDER RELATIONS IN THE FISHERIES COMMUNITY OF MEGHNA RIVER BASIN: CASE STUDIES CONDUCTED IN BHOLA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH HIMU, SANGITA DAS The study Gender relations in the fishers’ communities of Meghna River basin was conducted to identify gender relations of households in fisheries communities, concentrating on assessing the current situation of the fishers’ communities especially gender relations, problems faced by women, their access to and control over the resources, participation in income and decision making processes. The fishers’ communities of three Upazillas of Bhola, such as Monpura, Charfasson and Daulatkhan were selected for the study and the main participants were the hilsha fishers. Ten different households from each upazillas were selected for data collection in which 10 respondents (70% women and 30% men) were interviewed according to the prepared questionnaire. Five major domains of empowerment (participation in income generating activities; decision making on production input; access to resources; control over income-expenditure; leadership and time spent) were taken into consideration to assess overall gender relation situation of the study area. The study was both quantitative and qualitative by nature. Quantitative data such as demography of the household, fishing and income generation, power over productive resources, leadership etc. were collected through structured interview with closed-ended predetermined questions. On the other hand, qualitative data such as involvement of family members in production, ratio of male and female access in resources, control in income and expenditure at household level etc. were collected by asking open ended question using WEAI (Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index) framework. The findings of qualitative and quantitative data were substantiated by focus group discussions and case studies. Higher percentages of male were found in case of participation in different activities (fishing and fishing related activity) except agricultural and livestock rearing activity where women found higher in percentage in all three of the upazillas. Some exceptions were found in Charfasson and Daulathkhan that less women (20%) of Charfasson were involved in agricultural activity than men (50%) and no women were found involved in fishing though 75% of them were found interrelated with fishing related activities. In case of contributing in decision making, men were found dominating than women in Monpura, Charfasson and Daulathkhan. Women had no participation (0%) in case of decision making about fishing in Monpura and Charfasson, whereas 20% of Daulathkhan women could participated in decision making. Women of Daulathkhan were found participating in almost every matter either singly or combine but men of Monpura and Charfasson did not provide that chance to their women as they have very limited participation in decision making. Women were also found legged behind of men in case of decision making in income generation, ownership, leadership and monetary control. Without a few exceptions like higher number of women had control over expenditure in Daulathkhan, women had very limited involvement in every aspects. Women were found playing various role in those communities like as fishermen, in fishing related activities and decision making but always their men were followed by them. During the study, some factors affecting women empowerment were found, e.g. traditional believe, worked as unpaid or low paid labor etc. Women also faced lacking of educational facilities and became illiterate. Besides this, women were fighting different social and religious obstacles. Those identified barriers are needed to be eradicated as women are vaunted as a “weapon against poverty” and to make women empowered.

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z JIM, MD. ZAHEUR RAHMAN http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/407 2025-04-15T05:41:07Z 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FISHERS COMMUNITIES INBHOLA AND CHANDPUR DISTRICTS IN BANGLADESH JIM, MD. ZAHEUR RAHMAN Fisheries sector of Bangladesh plays a major role in nutrition, employment, foreign exchange earnings, and other aspects of the economy. In spite of playing a significant role in the nation’s nutrition and economy fishers are the most vulnerable communities and considered as ‘the poorest of the poor’. Besides, lack of knowledge on current socio-economic conditions of fishers leads to poor planning and implementation of various fisheries management programs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to gather information on socio-economic status of fishers of Chandpur and Bhola district for a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. Data were collected from three fishing communities such as Haimchar, Daulatkhan and Char Fasson. A total of 120 individual interviews were carried out using a pre-coded questionnaire. Findings of the present study showed that around 53.3% fishers and 81.7% female members of fisher’s family belong to the age group below 30 years. Nearly half of the fishers (48.3%) were found illiterate. It was observed that almost 45.8% fisherman and 56.7% female household members completed their primary education. All the respondent fishers were Muslim in the current study. About 31.7% fishers worked every day and rest are not worked all the day in a month. The reasons for not working all days in a month were not getting fish always, sickness, bad weather, could not find other work and paying visit to friends and relatives. One-third (33.3%) fishers reported they have secondary occupations like day labor, rickshaw or van pulling, farming and business. Monthly income of , 58.3% fishers was between Tk 5,001 to Tk 10,000 while 25% reported below Tk 5,000. It was found that the family members of fishers suffered mostly from fever, runny nose and Diarrhoea. Furthermore, study revealed that Childs were more susceptible to diseases as approximately 95% child had been suffering from diseases since last 15 days during the data collection period. On average about 85% respondent fishers stated that they took treatment from different health service providers. Half of them reported they receive treatment from local pharmacy where village doctor or para-medical doctor offered their medical services. Only 18.3% fishers revealed that they go Government Health Care Centre. Most of the fishers (44.2%) were found live in Govt. property followed 38.3% fishers live in their own house, 14.2% fishers live in other’s property and only 3.3% fishers live as tenants. At least 95% fisher’s house wall and roof was built by Tin whereas around 94.2% floor was earthen. A major portion of fishers’ household use wood, straw, grass, leaf, agricultural waste and animal dung as cooking fuel. The study recorded 60% and 55.8% fishers possessed fishing gear/net and boat, respectively. Besides, almost 55% fishers enjoy electricity and 82.5% have mobile phone. One-third of fishers said they received Government support during fishing ban period however 28.3% fishers mentioned they got Government support regularly during ban period. Most of the fishers cited they do nothing during ban period but some fishers performed various works like as day labor, agricultural work, rickshaw or van pulling and fish drying. It was found that 90% fishers took loan for fishing purpose from Mahajan, NGOs and Majhi. Among them majority of fishers (89.2%) took loan from Mahajan while only 12.5% from NGOs. It was also observed that there was no Government loan service for fishers. Only 5.8% fishers said they have to keep something mortgage to get loan whereas 1.7% mentioned about physical harassment when they fail to pay the loan interest. Around 25% fishers reported they use same water source for both drinking and domestic use. In total 98.3% fishers drank water from shared tube well while 77.5% fishers use surface water (water of river, canal and pond) for domestic use. About 15.8% and 6.7% respondent fishers mentioned their drinking water have salinity and arsenic, respectively. Almost 81.7% fishers said they use ring slab latrine as toilet while 10% said they have no toilet facility. Among them 42.5% mentioned they use shared toilet and 54.4% use their own toilet. More than 90% fishers cited they worn shoes when they go toilet. Additionally, the present study also provides some recommendations how to improve fishers socio-economic status which are establishment of educational institutes, arrangement of training, increase the awareness about pure and clean water and sanitation, provision of loan, ensuring alternatives income generating activities during fishing ban period and government support.

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z Pandit, Debasish http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/254 2025-01-20T06:21:43Z 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z

STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE WETLAND BIODIVERSITY IN THE HAOR REGION OF BANGLADESH Pandit, Debasish The study was conducted to identify the factors affecting wetland fish biodiversity in Soma Nadi Jalmohal under Derai upazila and Dekhar Haor under Dakshin Sunamganj upazila in Sunamganj district for a period of 11 months from June 2013 to April 2014. The study was done by questionnaire interviews (QI) of fishers, focus group discussions (FGD), key informant interviews (KII) and secondary data collection. During the study period, a total of 84 fish species under 30 families were recorded where 65 species under 23 families were found in the study areas and 19 species disappeared within 10 years. The species availability status was remarked in four categories and obtained as 26 species commonly available, 18 moderately available, 21 rarely available and 19 species are not available. Among available 65 fish species, 9 species of carps, 16 species catfishes, 10 species of barbs and minnows, 1 species of clupeid, 4 species of snakeheads, 4 species of eels, 11 species of perches, 1 species of featherback, 3 species of loaches and other miscellaneous 6 species including 3 species of prawns were found. The highest abundance of fishes was catfish (24.62%). Highest abundance of commonly available 26 species was found in October to January and lowest species abundance was observed in April to June. Among 54 threatened fish species listed by IUCN (2000), about 37 species were found 10 years ago in the study areas but only 24 were found during the study period. It is revealed that there has been gradual reduction of the fish diversity in the haor areas that is from the earlier 84 species to present 65 species in the Dekhar Haor (22.62% declined) and 56 species in the Soma Nadi Jalmohal (33.33% declined). Average fish catch per fisherman per day was reduced from 8.35kg to 1.4kg in the Dekhar Haor and 6.7kg to 1.445kg in the Soma Nadi Jalmohal within 10 years. Combined effects of some factors are responsible for the loss of fish biodiversity. Major factors affecting fish biodiversity were grouped into four categories such as manmade factors, environmental factors, social factors and policy issues. Majority of the respondents agreed that two manmade factors namely fishing by complete dewatering of wetlands and overfishing were mainly responsible for loss of fish biodiversity in the haor region. During the survey, 91.25% respondents opined water depth reduction as the main environmental factor followed by siltation and sedimentation (88.75%). The respondents (72.5%) cited that the first and foremost social factor was private land ownership in the haor basin and the second social factor was agricultural cropping pattern. Among policy issues, a lot of respondents (82.5%) identified that leasing system was responsible for fish biodiversity degradation in the Dekhar Haor but only 27.5% fishermen from Soma Nadi Jalmohal area explained it as problematic factor for fish biodiversity. Community based fisheries management, fishing gears maintenance, sanctuary establishment and management, afforestation, implementation of fishing acts and regulations, stocking of fish fingerling in the open waters, dredging of beels and raising public awareness can play great role in conserving fish biodiversity. It can be concluded that factors identified in the present study need to be addressed to conserve and enhance fish biodiversity in the haor region of Bangladesh.

2014-12-01T00:00:00Z