Dept. of Medicine

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HELMINTHIASIS IN BACKYARDCHICKEN AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

2016-06-01T00:00:00Z

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HELMINTHIASIS IN BACKYARDCHICKEN AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH JHA, BHARAT Chicken helminthiases are endoparasitic infection of chicken which are widely distributed throughout the world and their presence has also been reported in Bangladesh including Sylhet. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016, to determine the prevalence and case-control study conducted to identify the determinants of chicken helminthiasis. Faecal samples from 150 chicken flocks selected by using simple random sampling scheme from four (4) different upazilas of Sylhet district. Faecal sample were examined by Simple McMaster technique using flotation fluid saturated with NaCl and sugar. The data were collected from survey using a well designed questionnaire. Prevalence were calculated as a proportion of infected flocks in total number of flock tested. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of chicken helminthiasis. Overall prevalence of chicken helminthiasis was 79.33%. Seven nematodes: Ascardia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria annulata, Capillaria columbae, Syngamus trachea, Strongyloides avium and Trichostrongylus tenuis and three cestodes: Raillietina cesticillus, Choanotaenia infundibulum and Hymenolepis carioca were found in the tested samples. Capillaria columbae which is commonly known for nematode of pigeon, also found in chicken with prevalence of 16.66%. Among four upazilas Biswanath (91.66%) were most prevalent while Jaintapur (58.33%) was low prevalent area of Sylhet district. The present study identified four significant determinants namely anthelmintic used, environment surrounding the flock, source of water and healthy and sick birds kept together, respectively. The results of this study indicate that chicken helminthiasis is common in Sylhet district and this finding can be used for the treatment and control measures for chicken helminthiasis. However, further investigation should be needed in the study area.

A STUDY ON ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN AT SYLHET SADAR

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

A STUDY ON ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN AT SYLHET SADAR Chowdhury, Hasnanin Salmonellosis is a leading cause of food borne illness worldwide with an estimated millions cases each year in the world. Transmission of this organism occur through horizontally and vertically. The source of the infection is usually difficult to determine, although carrier animals introduced into the flock are considered the most common source. A point of time study was conducted from July 2015 to November 2015 to isolate and identify the Salmonella spp from the broiler chicken and calculate the prevalence among the broiler birds in Sylhet sadar. The commercial broiler farms are located in various locations of the Sylhet sadar and 4 major commercial broiler markets of Sylhet sadar were taken into the count for the collection of the sample. Different chemicals and reagents were used for conducting the biochemical tests: Grams stain, Methyl red solution, Methyl-red VogesProskauer (MR-VP) broth, Kovacs reagent, Potassium hydroxide solution, Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, phenol red Dextrose, Maltose, Lactose, Mannitol and Sucrose. Other chemicals used for the experiment were 20% glycerin, liquid paraffin, wax, Alcohol, spirit etc. The isolates of Salmonella spp. showed positive result in Catalase test. In Grams staining under microscope, the Salmonella revealed Gram-negative, pink color, small rod shaped and arranged in single or paired. Motility test was fundamental basis for the detection of motile and non motile Salmonella organisms. The prevalence of salmonellosis at different farm level were 38.89%, 30.76%, 16.67%, 37.5%, 20.0%, 20.0%, 22.22%, 45.45% respectively. The overall farm level prevalence was obtained 31.25%. The prevalence in different commercial broiler markets were 66.67%, 64.28%, 37.50%, 33.33% respectively. The overall prevalence in commercial broiler markets was 55%.Age wise prevalence found 14.28% for 0-10 days, 40.62% for 11-20 days and 45.45% for 21 to above day’s birds. Retail chicken seller should be conscious about the problems of overcrowding and unhygienic management. They should be aware of proper sanitary management, handling transportation and litter management of broiler chicken in market. Feed should be supplied in hygienic condition.

PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE AND COMPARATIVEEFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS IN GOAT AT SYLHET SADAR

2015-12-01T00:00:00Z

PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE AND COMPARATIVEEFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS IN GOAT AT SYLHET SADAR ISLAM, MD. NAZRUL A survey of the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematode infection in 150 goats was conducted in different area in Sylhet district during the period of July 2015 to December 2015. The overall prevalence of infections with nematodes in goat in Sylhet was 125/150 (82.66%). Of the 150 examined goats female goat was 97 and male goat was 53. In 150 goats yearling goat was 59.33% (≤2 years) and adult was 40.66% (>2 years). Gastrointestinal nematode infestation were found 80.41% in female (In which 84.61% in young and 75.55% in adult) and 86.79% in male (In which 89.18%in young and 81.25% in adult). All treated goat showed significant improvement & disappearance of most clinical signs and significant decrease of egg per gram (EPG) with complete or almost complete disappearance of eggs in 7th day and 14th day post treatment with albendazole (Endokil); levamisole (levavet) and fenbendazole (peraclair) respectively. Study surveys suggest, appropriate parasitic control approach be explored and tried in order to alleviate the problem of worm burden.

STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL-MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC EFFECT AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA

2015-06-01T00:00:00Z

STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL-MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC EFFECT AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA HASAN, MD.TANVIR The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and its effects on milk yield in dairy cows at the Sylhet govt. Dairy Farm (SGDF) and Local Farms of Sylhet (LFS) during the period of July2014 to June2015. These farms are selected to assess the predominant types of bacteria involved in causing sub-clinical mastitis and to know the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of these bacterial isolates against the commonly used antibiotics and to study the economic effects due to SCM.Use of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the detection of sub clinical mastitis showed 42 samples were test positive out of 100, among which +(Trace) 22.0%, ++(Distinct) 12.0%, +++(Strong) 3.0%, ±(Doubtful) 5.0%. 48 samples were negative.Bacteriological examination of milk samples of 100 milch cows (400 quarters) revealed that 42 cows (42.0%) had suffering from SCM with different bacterial infection with 95% confidence limit was 32.1574-51.8426.Among 42 positive samples 31 (31.0%) cows had mono-bacterial infection and 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed bacterial infections. Statistical analysis of the result of single and mixed bacterial infection in the milk of apparently healthy milch cows revealed that the single infection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than mixed bacterial infection. Of the 31 mono-bacterial isolates, of which 23 (23.0%) isolates were Staphylococci, 3 (3.0%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 5 (5.0%) isolated Streptococcus spp. (Table 3). The 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed infection, of which 5 (5.0%) had Staphylococcus spp. + Streptococcus spp., 3 (3.0%) had E. coli + Staphylococcus spp., and 3 (3.0%) had Streptococcus spp. +E. coli. Of 42 positive cases of SCM Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 23 samples. Among these 23 positive samples 13 obtained from SGDF (37.14%) and 10 obtained from LFS (15.38%). Escherichia coli isolated from 3 samples. Among these 3 positive samples 3 obtained from LFS (4.62%). Streptococcus spp. isolated from 5 samples. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Of the 11 mixed infections, 5 were Staph. + Strep. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Staph. + E. coli obtained from LFS that is 3 (4.62%). Strep. + E. coli combination obtained from 3 samples also from LFS. The overall mean milk yield of dairy cows who had bacterial infection (SCM) reduce from 7.7 litre to 6.2 litre i.e. - 1.50 litre/cow/day. From the antibiotic sensitivity test of sub-clinical mastitis,the result showed that ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin are the best drug for treating sub-clinical mastitis, though these antibiotics showed maximum sensitivity to the organism responsible to cause sub-clinical mastitis.