Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF CALF HELMINTHIASIS PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF CALF HELMINTHIASIS AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

Tue, 01 Dec 2015 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF CALF HELMINTHIASIS PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF CALF HELMINTHIASIS AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH AT SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH BAIDHYA, CHANDAN CHANDRA Gastrointestinal parasites infections are of extreme importance in many agro-ecological zones and considered as one of the major constraints to livestock production throughout the tropics and subtropics including Bangladesh. A cross-sectional followed by case-control studies was carried out from August 2014 through April 2015 to determine the prevalence and determinants of gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes infection in calves from 12 upazillas of Sylhet district. A total 554 samples from 50 herds were collected during the time period using simple random sampling. Collected samples were examined qualitative and quantitatively using simple floatation and McMaster technique to identify the egg of different parasites and 330 samples were found to be positive. The overall prevalences were 53.97% and 59.57% in floatation and McMaster technique, respectively. There were no differences in prevalences between crossbred and local indigenous calves with 57.24% and 62.26% prevalences, respectively. The young calves (≤1 year) were shown higher prevalence with 63.92% than the older calves (>1year) with 45.38%. Female calves were more susceptible than the male calves. Based on the morphological characteristics of helminths eggs a total of nine different species (H. contortus, T. vitulurum,S. pepillosus, T. axie, B. phlebotomum, O. radiatum, T. trichuris, M. expansa and M. benadini) of nematodal and cystodal helminths species were identified. Among the identified species H. contortus (35.38%), T. vitulurum (16.97%) and S. pepillosus (12.455%) were more prevalent than the other species. Out of these 330 infected samples the prevalences of mixed and species specific infections were 29.60% and 29.96%, respectively. Gastrointestinal calf helminthiasis was found in all upazilas but, the highest prevalence (74%) was in Balagonj upazilla and the lowest (40%) in Companigonj. Determinants of calf helminhiasis for overall, mixed, single and species specific infection were identified from a series of case-control study designs. In multiple logistic regression models, overall and mixed infection models were almost identical with a little exception. In both final models age, gender and regular dewarming practice were turned out to have significant influence on calf helminthiasis. Young (<1year) and female calves had significantly higher chance of being infected (p<0.01, OR=2.021 and p<0.01, OR=1.35) then the older and male calves. Non-dewormed calves (p<0.01, OR=1.31) had a significantly higher chance of being infected than the regularly dewormed calves. Local indigenous calves were more susceptible to mixed helminth infection then crossbred calves in Sylhet region. Age and gender and gender alone were the significant variables in the final models for single infection and H. contortus infection, respectively. These findings of this study can be used as baseline to develop strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes in calves in sylhet.

A SPACE-TIME ANALYSIS OF CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX OUTBREAKS IN BANGLADESH; 2012-2014

Tue, 01 Dec 2015 00:00:00 GMT

A SPACE-TIME ANALYSIS OF CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX OUTBREAKS IN BANGLADESH; 2012-2014 APU, HRITHIK DEB Cutaneous anthrax emerged in Bangladesh in 2009 and became an important public health concern. The present study examined the spatial and temporal pattern of the cutaneous anthrax cases over space and time from the year 2012 through 2014. Epidemic curve was constructed to see the temporal pattern of the cases. Besides the global spatial clustering was evaluated through a modified K-function method, and scan statistics identified local clusters. Results indicated that the cutaneous anthrax cases clustered over space and time. Temporal clustering of the cases was observed between the month of May to August. Spatial clustering was found primarily in the Bogra, Sirajganj and Tangail districts. The secondary cluster was observed in Meherpur district. All the clusters identified were persistent over space and time. The findings are highly relevant for targeted surveillance and control programme.

IMPORTATION RISK OF NOTIFIABLE ANIMAL DISEASES THROUGH CROSSBORDER ANIMAL AND ANIMAL PRODUCT TRADING: A BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Tue, 01 Dec 2015 00:00:00 GMT

IMPORTATION RISK OF NOTIFIABLE ANIMAL DISEASES THROUGH CROSSBORDER ANIMAL AND ANIMAL PRODUCT TRADING: A BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE CHOWDHURY, MD. NURUL ALAM To understand the risk of introduction of transboundary animal diseases (TADs) from the neighboring countries to Bangladesh a qualitative risk analysis has been performed. The risk analysis was based on the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) risk assessment framework. Cross-border animal trade survey was conducted, and secondary data for disease and trade were used for necessary information. The risk was assessed by the following factors: TADs infections in the border areas, the permeability of the livestock in the illegal channel, the volume of trade, contact between imported livestock and local animals, quarantine of the imported animals, veterinary inspection and slaughter and disposals of the animals. Scenario pathways – namely, entry assessment, exposure assessment and consequence assessment, presented as a conceptual framework to qualitatively assess the risk of TADs. The overall risk of TADs was assessed as the product of the chance of entry, exposure, and consequence of TADs imported to Bangladesh through cross-border trading of livestock, and risk was assessed as ‘High” for Bangladesh. The method and results provided here can serve as a baseline for further sophisticated qualitative and quantitative risk analysis for specific pathogens.

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE IN SYLHET DISTRICT CATTLE IN SYLHET DISTRICT

Tue, 01 Dec 2015 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE IN SYLHET DISTRICT CATTLE IN SYLHET DISTRICT MANDAL, PRADEEP KUMAR Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic, wasting, infectious and zoonotically important disease that can infect wide variety of animal species as well as humans. This disease has socio-economic and public health importance and is of great significance to international trade of animals and animal products. A cross-sectional study was conducted in all 12 upzillas of Sylhet District from 1 September 2014 to 28 February 2015. A total of 512 cattle were tested randomly by using caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) test from 48 farms which included 325 indigenous breed and 187 crossbred cattle. Out of 512 only one cattle was tested as reactor and the estimated prevalence was 0.19 % (95% Confidence Interval; 0% - 0.58%). Sylhet is known to have low cattle density. Therefore, it is expected that probability of between animal transmissions of bTB was relatively less in Sylhet from other parts of the country with high cattle density. The indigenous cattle are more resistance than the cross-bred which may be the reason of low prevalence. Due to low sensitivity, the test was not capable to identify the truly bTB positive cattle. As the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Sylhet district is very low, rather it is close to zero indicating most of the upzilas of Sylhet district is free of the bTB infection and it will be beneficial if Sylhet will be able to maintain the current situation on bTB infection in cattle.